What distinguishes symmetric encryption from asymmetric encryption?

The distinction between symmetric and asymmetric encryption primarily lies in the number of keys used for the encryption and decryption processes. In symmetric encryption, a single key is employed for both the encryption and decryption of data. This means that the same key must be shared among the parties involved to facilitate secure communication. This method is efficient in terms of speed and performance, making it suitable for encrypting large amounts of data quickly.

In contrast, asymmetric encryption utilizes a pair of keys: a public key and a private key. The public key is used for encryption, while the private key is used for decryption. This key pair system establishes a framework where anyone can encrypt data using the public key, but only the holder of the corresponding private key can decrypt it. This fundamental difference allows for more secure key management and enables functionalities such as digital signatures and secure key exchange.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the essential characteristic that sets symmetric encryption apart from its asymmetric counterpart.